碧巖錄 卷第一
The Blue Cliff Record
師住澧州夾山靈泉禪院評唱雪竇顯和尚頌古語要
第一則
聖諦第一義
The Highest Meaning of the
Holy Truths
垂示云。POINTER
隔山見煙。
When you see smoke on the
other side of a mountain,
早知是火。
you already know there's a
fire;
隔牆見角。
when you see horns on the
other side of a fence,
便知是牛。
right away you know there's
an ox there.
舉一明三。
To understand three when one
is raised,
目機銖兩。
to judge precisely at a
glance
是衲僧家尋常茶飯。
this is the everyday food and
drink of a patchrobed monk.
至於截斷眾流。
Getting to where he cuts off
the myriad streams,
東湧西沒。
he is free to arise in the
east and sink in the west,
逆順縱橫。
to go against or to go with,
in any and all directions,
與奪自在。
free to give or to take away.
正當恁麼時。且道。
But say, at just such a time,
是什麼人行履處。
whose actions are these?
看取雪竇葛藤。
Look into Hsueh Tau's
trailing vines.
【本則】CASE
舉梁武帝問達磨大師
Emperor Wu of Liang asked the
great master Bodhidharma,
(說這不唧𠺕漢)
This dull fellow speaks up.
如何是聖諦第一義
"What is the highest
meaning of the holy truths?"
(是甚繫驢橛)
What a donkey-tethering stake
this is.
磨云。
Bodhidharma said,
廓然無聖
"Empty, without
holiness."
(將謂多少奇特。
Wu considered this answer
rather extraordinary.
箭過新羅。
The arrow has flown past
Korea.
可殺明白)
Very clear.
帝曰。
The Emperor said,
對朕者誰
"Who is facing me?"
(滿面慚惶。
Wu is filled with
embarrassment,
強惺惺果然。
forcing himself to be astute.
摸索不着)
As it turns out, he gropes
without finding.
磨云。
Bodhidharma replied,
不識
"I don't know."
(咄。再來不直半文錢)
Bah! His second reply isn't
worth half a cent.
帝不契
The Emperor did not
understand.
(可惜許。却較些子)
Too bad! Still, he's gotten
somewhere.
達磨遂渡江至魏
After this Bodhidharma
crossed the Yangtse River and came to the kingdom of Wei.
(這野狐精。
This wild fox spirit!
不免一場懡㦬。
He can't avoid embarrassment.
從西過東。
He crosses from west to east,
從東過西)
he crosses from east to west.
帝後舉問志公
Later the Emperor brought
this up to Master Chih and asked him about it.
(貧兒思舊債。
A poor man thinks about an
old debt.
傍人有眼)
The bystander has eyes.
志公云。
Master Chih asked,
陛下還識此人否
"Does your majesty know who
this man is?"
(和志公趕出國始得。
Wu should chase Master Chih
out of the country too;
好與三十棒。
Chih should be given thirty
blows.
達磨來也)
Bodhidharma has come.
帝云。不識
The Emperor said, "I
don't know."
(却是武帝承當得達磨公案)
After all this is Emperor
Wu's understanding of Bodhidharma's public case.
志公云。
Master Chih said,
此是觀音大士。
"He is the Mahasattva
Avalokitesvara,
傳佛心印
transmitting the Buddha Mind
Seal.”
(胡亂指注。
Chih explains haphazardly.
臂膊不向外曲)
The elbow doesn't bend
outwards.
帝悔。
The Emperor felt regretful,
遂遣使去請
so he wanted to send an
emissary to go invite (Bodhidharma to return)
(果然把不住。
After all, Bodhidharma
couldn't be held.
向道不唧𠺕)
As I said before, Wu is dull.
志公云。
Master Chih told him,
莫道陛下發使去取
"Your majesty, don't say
that you will send someone to fetch him back.
(東家人死。
When someone in the eastern
house dies,
西家人助哀。
someone of the western house
joins in the mourning.
也好一時趕出國)
Better they should be all
driven out of the country at once.
闔國人去。
Even if everyone in the whole
country were to go after him,
他亦不回
he still wouldn't return.”
(志公也好與三十棒。
Again Master Chih deserves
thirty blows.
不知脚跟下放大光明)。
He doesn't know that the
great illumination shines forth from under his own feet.
［評唱］COMMENTARY
達磨遙觀此土有大乘根器。
From afar Bodhidharma saw
that this country (China) had people capable of the Great Vehicle,
遂泛海得得而來。
so he came by sea,
單傳心印。
intent on his mission, purely
to transmit the Mind Seal,
開示迷塗。
to arouse and instruct those
mired in delusion.
不立文字。
Without establishing written words,
直指人心。
he pointed directly to the
human mind (for them)
見性成佛。
to see nature and fulfill
Buddhahood.
若恁麼見得。
If you can see this way,
便有自由分。
then you will have your share
of freedom.
不隨一切語言轉。
Never again will you be turned
around pursuing words,
脫體現成。
and everything will be
completely revealed.
便能於後頭。與武帝對譚。
Thereafter you will be able
to converse with Emperor Wu
并二祖安心處。
and you will naturally be
able to see how the Second Patriarch's mind was pacified.
自然見得。無計較情塵。
Without the mental defilements
of judgement and comparison,
一刀截斷。
everything is cut off,
洒洒落落。
and you are free and at ease.
何必更分是分非。
What need is there to go on distinguishing
right and wrong,
辨得辨失。
or discriminating gain and loss?
雖然恁麼。能有幾人。
Even so, how many people are
capable of this?
武帝甞披袈裟。
Emperor Wu had put on monk's
robes
自講放光般若經。
and personally expounded the
Light-Emitting Wisdom Scripture;
感得天花亂墜地變黃金。
he experienced heavenly
flowers falling in profusion and the earth turning to gold.
辨道奉佛。
He studied the Path and
humbly served the Buddha,
誥詔天下。
issuing orders throughout his
realm
起寺度僧。
to build temples and ordain monks,
依教修行。
and practicing in accordance
with the Teaching.
人謂之佛心天子。
People called him the Buddha
Heart Emperor.
達磨初見武帝。
When Bodhidharma first met
Emperor Wu,
帝問。
the Emperor asked,
朕起寺度僧。
"I have built temples
and ordained monks;
有何功德。
what merit is there in
this?"
磨云。無功德。
Bodhidharma said, "There
is no merit."
早是惡水驀頭澆。
He immediately doused the
Emperor with dirty water.
若透得這箇無功德話。
If you can penetrate this
statement, "There is no merit,"
許爾親見達磨。
you can meet Bodhidharma
personally.
且道。
Now tell me,
起寺度僧。為什麼都無功德。
why is there no merit at all
in building temples and ordaining monks?
此意在什麼處。
Where does the meaning of
this lie?
帝與婁約法師傅大士昭明太子。
Emperor Wu held discussions
with Dharma Master Lou Yueh, with Mahasattva Fu, and with Prince Chao Ming
持論真俗二諦。
about the two truths, the
real and the conventional.
據教中說。
As it says in the Teachings,
真諦以明非有。
by the real truth we
understand that it is not existent;
俗諦以明非無。
by the conventional truth we
understand that it is not nonexistent.
真俗不二。
That the real truth and the
conventional truth are not two
即是聖諦第一義。
is the highest meaning of the
holy truths.
此是教家極妙窮玄處。
This is the most esoteric,
most abstruse point of the doctrinal schools.
帝便拈此極則處。
Hence the Emperor picked out
this ultimate paradigm
問達磨。
to ask Bodhidharma,
如何是聖諦第一義。
"What is the highest
meaning of the holy truths?"
磨云。
Bodhidharma answered,
廓然無聖。
"Empty, without
holiness."
天下衲僧跳不出。
No monk in the world can leap
clear of this.
達磨與他一刀截斷。
Bodhidharma gives them a
single swordblow that cuts off everything.
如今人多少錯會。
These days how people
misunderstand!
却去弄精魂。
They go on giving play to their
spirits,
瞠眼睛云。
put a glare in their eyes and
say,
廓然無聖。
"Empty, without holiness!"
且喜沒交涉。
Fortunately, this has nothing
to do with it.
五祖先師甞說。
My late Master Wu Tsu once
said,
只這廓然無聖。若人透得。
"If only you can
penetrate 'empty, without holiness,'
歸家穩坐。
then you can return home and
sit in peace."
一等是打葛藤。
All this amounts to creating
complications;
不妨與他打破漆桶。
still, it does not stop Bodhidharma
from smashing the lacquer bucket for others.
達磨就中奇特。
Among all, Bodhidharma is
most extraordinary.
所以道。
So it is said,
參得一句透。
"If you can penetrate a
single phrase,
千句萬句一時透。
at the same moment you will
penetrate a thousand phrases, ten thousand phrases."
自然坐得斷把得定。
Then naturally you can cut
off, you can hold still.
古人道。
An Ancient said,
粉骨碎身未足酬。
"Crushing your bones and
dismembering your body would not be sufficient requital;
一句了然超百億。
when a single phrase is clearly
understood, you leap over hundreds of millions."
達磨劈頭與他一拶。多少漏逗了也。
Bodhidharma confronted the
Emperor directly; how he indulged!
帝不省。
The Emperor did not awaken;
却以人我見故。
instead, because of his notions
of self and others,
再問對朕者誰。
he asked another question, "Who
is facing me?"
達磨慈悲忒殺。
Bodhidharma's compassion was
excessive;
又向道不識。
again he addressed him,
saying, "I don't know."
直得武帝眼目定動不知落處。
At this, Emperor Wu was taken
aback; he did not know what Bodhidharma meant.
是何言說。
When you get to this point,
到這裏有事無事。
as to whether there is
something or there isn't anything,
拈來即不堪。
pick and you fail.
端和尚有頌云。
Master Shou Tuan had a verse
which said,
一箭尋常落一鵰。
Ordinarily a single arrow
fells a single eagle;
更加一箭已相饒。
Another arrow is already too
many.
直歸少室峯前坐。
Bodhidharma goes right back
to sit before Few Houses Peak;
梁主休言更去招。
0 Lord of Liang, speak no
more of going to summon him.
復云。
He also said,
誰欲招。
"Who wants to summon him
back?"
帝不契。
Since Emperor Wu did not
understand,
遂潛出國。
Bodhidharma secretly left the
country;
這老漢只得懡㦬。
all this old fellow got was
embarrassment.
渡江至魏。
He crossed the Yangtse River
into Wei;
時魏孝明帝當位。
at the time, the Hsiao Ming
Emperor of Wei was reigning there.
乃此北人種族姓拓跋氏。
This emperor belonged to a
northern tribe named Toba,
後來方名中國。
who were later to call
themselves Chinese.
達磨至彼。
When Bodhidharma arrived
there,
亦不出見。
he did not appear for any
more audiences,
直過少林。
but went directly to Shao Lin
Monastery,
面壁九年。
where he sat facing a wall
for nine years,
接得二祖。
and met the Second Patriarch.
彼方號為壁觀婆羅門。
People thereabouts called him
"The Wall-Gazing Brahmin."
梁武帝後問志公。
Emperor Wu of Liang later
questioned Master Chih.
公云。
Chih said,
陛下還識此人否。
"Does your majesty know
who this man is?"
帝曰。
The Emperor said,
不識。
"I don't know."
且道與達磨道底。
Tell me, is this ("I
don't know") the same as what Bodhidharma said,
是同是別。
or is it different?
似則也似。
In appearance it indeed seems
the same,
是則不是。
but in reality isn't.
人多錯會道。
People often misunderstand
and say,
前來達磨是答他禪。
"Before, when Bodhidharma
said 'I don't know' he was replying about Ch'an;
後來武帝是對他志公。
later, when Emperor answered
Master Chih,
乃相識之識。
this referred to the
'knowledge' of mutual acquaintance."
且得沒交涉。
This is irrelevant.
當時志公恁麼問。
Tell me, when Master Chih
questioned him,
且道作麼生祇對。
how could Wu have answered?
何不一棒打殺。
Why didn't he strike Chih
dead with a single blow
免見搽胡。
and avoid being seen as a
fool?
武帝却供他欵道不識。
Instead Emperor Wu answered
Master Chih sincerely and said, "I don't know."
志公見機而作。
Master Chih saw his chance and
acted;
便云。
he said,
此是觀音大士。
"This is the Mahasattva A
valokitesvara
傳佛心印。
transmitting the Buddha Mind
Seal."
帝悔遂遣使去取。
The Emperor felt regret and
was going to send an emissary to bring Bodhidharma back.
好不唧𠺕。
How stupid!
當時等他道此是觀音大士傳佛心印。
When Chih said, "This is
Mahasattva Avalokitesvara transmitting the Buddha Mind Seal,"
亦好擯他出國。
if Wu had driven him out of
the country,
猶較些子。
this would have amounted to
something.
人傳。
According to tradition,
志公天鑒十三年化去。
Master Chih died in the year
514,
達磨普通元年方來。
while Bodhidharma came to
Liang in 520;
自隔七年。
since there is a seven year
discrepancy,
何故却道同時相見。
why is it said that the two
met?
此必是謬傳。
This must be a mistake in the
tradition.
據傳中所載。
As to what is recorded in tradition,
如今不論這事。
I will not discuss this
matter now.
只要知他大綱。
All that's important is to understand
the gist of the matter.
且道達磨是觀音。
Tell me, Bodhidharma is Avalokitesvara,
志公是觀音。
Master Chih is
Avalokitesvara,
阿那箇是端的底觀音。
but which is the true Avalokitesvara?
既是觀音。
Since it is Avalokitesvara,
為什麼却有兩箇。
why are there two?
何止兩箇。
But why only two?
成群作隊。
They are legion.
時後魏光統律師。菩提流支三藏。與師論議。
Later in Wei, Bodhidharma
debated with the Vinaya Master Kuang T'ung and the canonical master Bodhiruci.
師斥相指心。
The Master Bodhidharma
eliminated formalism and pointed to mind;
而褊局之量。
because of their biased
judgments,
自不堪任。
(the other two) would not put
up with this,
競起害心。
and instead developed
feelings of malevolence
數加毒藥。
and tried to poison
Bodhidharma several times.
至第六度。
On the sixth attempt,
化緣已畢。
since his mission was
completed
傳法得人。
and he had found someone to
succeed to the Dharma,
遂不復救。
Bodhidharma made no further
attempt to save himself,
端居而逝。
but sat upright and passed
on.
葬於熊耳山定林寺。
He was buried at Tinglin
Temple on Bear Ear Mountain.
後魏宋雲奉使。
Afterwards, while Sung Yun of
Wei was on a mission,
於葱嶺遇師手携隻履而往。
he met the Master in the
Ts'ung Ling Range (in Sinkiang), carrying one shoe in his hand, returning (to
India).
武帝追憶。
Emperor Wu mourned
Bodhidharma's death
自撰碑文云。
and personally wrote an
inscription for his monument.
嗟夫。見之不見。
It read, "Alas! I saw him
without seeing him,
逢之不逢。
I met him without meeting
him,
遇之不遇。
I encountered him without encountering
him;
今之古之。怨之恨之。
now as before I regret this
deeply."
復讚云。
He further eulogized him by
saying,
心有也。
"If your mind exists,
曠劫而滯凡夫。
you are stuck in the mundane
for eternity;
心無也。
if your mind does not exist,
剎那而登妙覺。
you experience wondrous
enlightenment instantly."
且道。
Tell me,
達磨即今在什麼處。
where is Bodhidharma right
now?
蹉過也不知。
You've stumbled past him
without even realizing it.
【頌】VERSE
聖諦廓然
The holy truths are empty;
(箭過新羅。咦)
The arrow has flown past
Korea. Ha!
何當辨的
How can you discern the
point?
(過也。
Wrong.
有什麼難辨)
What is there that's hard to
discern?
對朕者誰
"Who is facing me?"
(再來不直半文錢。
The second try isn't worth
half a cent.
又恁麼去也)
So you too go on like this.
還云不識
Again he said, "I don't
know."
(三个四个中也。咄)
A third man, a fourth man
hits the mark Bah!
因茲暗渡江
Henceforth, he secretly
crossed the river;
(穿人鼻孔不得。
He could not pierce another's
nostrils,
却被別人穿。
but his own nostrils have
been pierced by someone else.
蒼天蒼天。
What a pity!
好不大丈夫)
He sure isn't a great man.
豈免生荊棘
How could he avoid the growth
of a thicket of brambles?
(脚跟下已深數丈)
The brambles are already
several yards deep beneath his feet.
闔國人追不再來
Though everyone in the whole
country goes after him, he will not return;
(兩重公案。
A double case.
用追作麼。
What's the use of pursuing
him?
在什麼處。
Where is he?
大丈夫志氣何在)
Where is the spirit of a
great man?
千古萬古空相憶
(Wu) goes on and on vainly
reflecting back.
(換手槌胸。
He wrings his hands and beats
his breast,
望空啟告)
addressing a plea to the sky.
休相憶
Give up recollection!
(道什麼。
What are you saying?
向鬼窟裏作活計)
You are making a living in a ghost
cave.
清風匝地有何極
What limit is there to the
pure wind circling the earth ?
(果然。大小雪竇向草裏輥)
After all, the great Hsueh
Tou is rolling around in the weeds.
師顧視左右云。
The Master Hsueh Tou looked
around to the right and left and said,
這裏還有祖師麼
"Is there any patriarch
here?"
(爾待番欵那。
So you want to retract your
statement?
猶作這去就)。
You still act like this?
自云有
He answered himself,
"There is."
(塌薩阿勞)
Too much trouble.
喚來與老僧洗脚
"Call him here to wash
this old monk's feet."
(更與三十棒趕出。
Give him thirty more blows
and drive him away-
也未為分外。
this wouldn't be more than he
deserves.
作這去就。
Though he acts like this,
猶較些子)。
he still amounts to
something.
［評唱］COMMENTARY
且據雪竇頌此公案。
Now as for Hsueh Tou's verse
on this case,
一似善舞太阿劍相似。
it is like skillfully doing a
sword dance;
向虛空中盤礴。
sure and relaxed in mid-air,
自然不犯鋒鋩。
he naturally does not run
afoul of the sharp point.
若是無這般手段。
If he lacked this kind of ability,
纔拈著便見傷鋒犯手。
as soon as he picked it up we
would see him run afoul of the point and wound his hand.
若是具眼者。
For those who have the eye to
see,
看他一拈一掇。
Hsueh Tou offers, takes back,
一褒一貶。
praises, and deprecates,
只用四句。
using only four lines
揩定一則公案。
to settle the entire public
case.
大凡頌古只是繞路說禪。
Generally, eulogies of the
Ancients express Ch'an in a roundabout way,
拈古大綱據欵結案而已。
picking out the main
principles of the old story, settling the case on the basis of the facts, and
that is all.
雪竇與他一拶。
Hsueh Tou gives a thrust
劈頭便道。
and says right off,
聖諦廓然。
"The holy truths are
empty-
何當辨的。
how can you discern the
point?"
雪竇於他初句下。
Beneath that first phrase,
著這一句。
he adds this one,
不妨奇特。
which is quite extraordinary.
且道。
Tell me,
畢竟作麼生辨的。
after all how will you
discern the point?
直饒鐵眼銅睛。
Even if you have an iron eye
or a copper eye,
也摸索不著。
still you will search without
finding.
到這裏。
When you get here,
以情識卜度得麼。
can you figure it out by
means of emotive consciousness?
所以雲門道。
This is why Yun Men said,
如擊石火。
"It is like flint struck
sparks,
似閃電光。
like flashing
lightening."
這箇些子。不落心機意識情想。
This little bit does not fall
within the scope of mental activity, intellectual consciousness, or emotional
conceptions.
等爾開口。
If you wait till you open your
mouth,
堪作什麼。
what good will it do?
計較生時。
As soon as judgement and comparison
arise,
鷂子過新羅。
the falcon has flown past
Korea.
雪竇道。
Hsueh Tou says,
爾天下衲僧。何當辨的。
"How will all you monks
distinguish the real point?
對朕者誰。
Who is facing the
Emperor?"
著箇還云不識。
He adds the line, "Again
he said, 'I don't know.' "
此是雪竇忒殺老婆。
This is where Hsueh Tou is excessively
doting,
重重為人處。
redoubling his efforts to
help people.
且道。
Now tell me,
廓然與不識。是一般兩般。
are "empty" and
"I don't know" the same or different?
若是了底人分上。
If you are someone who has
personally understood completely,
不言而諭。
you will understand without
anything being said.
若是未了底人。決定打作兩橛。
Someone who has not
understood completely will undoubtedly separate them into two.
諸方尋常皆道。
Everywhere everyone always
says,
雪竇重拈一遍。
"Hsueh Tou (merely)
brings up (the case) again."
殊不知。四句頌盡公案了。
They are far from knowing that
(the first) four lines of the verse complete the case entirely.
後為慈悲之故。
For the sake of compassion,
頌出事跡。
Hsueh Tou versifies what
happened:
因茲暗渡江。
"Henceforth
(Bodhidharma) secretly crossed the river;
豈免生荊棘。
how could he avoid the growth
of a thicket of brambles?
達磨本來茲土。
"Bodhidharma originally
came to this country
與人解粘去縛。
to melt the sticking points, untie
the bonds,
抽釘拔楔。
pull out the nails and draw
out the pegs,
剗除荊棘。
to cut down brambles for
people:
因何却道生荊棘。
why then say that he gave
rise to a thicket of brambles?
非止當時。
This is not confined to those
times;
諸人即今脚跟下。已深數丈。
today the brambles under
everyone's feet are already several yards deep.
闔國人追不再來。
"Though everyone in the
whole country goes after him, he will not come back;
千古萬古空相憶。
(Wu) goes on and on vainly
reflecting back.
可殺不丈夫。"Obviously
Wu is not a powerful m an.
且道。
Tell me,
達磨在什麼處。
where is Bodhidharma?
若見達磨。
If you see Bodhidharma,
便見雪竇末後為人處。
then you see where Hsueh Tou
helps people in the end.
雪竇恐怕人逐情見。
Hsueh Tou feared that people
would pursue intellectual views,
所以撥轉關捩子。
so he swung open the gate
出自己見解云。
and brought out his own understanding,
休相憶。
saying, "Give up
recollecting;
清風匝地有何極。
what limit is there to the
pure wind circling the earth?
既休相憶。
"Once you give up recollection,
爾脚跟下事。又作麼生。
what will become of the
affairs you busy yourselves with?
雪竇道。
Hsueh Tou says,
即今箇裏匝地清風。
here and now the pure wind is
circling the earth.
天上天下有何所極。
Throughout heaven and earth,
what is there that is limited?
雪竇拈千古萬古之事。
Hsueh Tou picks up the
numberless concerns of all ages
拋向面前。
and throws them down before
you.
非止雪竇當時有何極。
This is not confined to Hsueh
Tou's time. What limit is there?
爾諸人分上亦有何極。
All of you people-what limit
is there on your part?
他又怕人執在這裏。
Again Hsueh Tou feared that
people would grab ahold at this point,
再著方便高聲云。
so again he exposed his
skill; in a loud voice he asked,
這裏還有祖師麼。
"Is there any patriarch
here?"
自云有。
And he answered himself,
雪竇到這裏。
"There is."
不妨為人。赤心片片。
Hsueh Tou doesn't hesitate to
bare his heart entirely here for the sake of others.
又自云。
Again he spoke up himself:
喚來與老僧洗脚。
"Call him here to wash
this old monk's feet."
太殺減人威光。
He certainly diminishes the
man's dignity,
當時也好。與本分手脚。
but at the same time he
properly offers his own hands and feet as well.
且道。
Tell me,
雪竇意在什麼處。
where does Hsueh Tou's
meaning lie?
到這裏。
When you get here,
喚作驢則是。
can you call it an ass?
喚作馬則是。
Can you call it a horse?
喚作祖師則是。
Can you call it a patriarch?
如何名邈。
How can it be named or
depicted?
往往喚作雪竇使祖師去也。
The frequently expressed
opinion that Hsueh Tou is employing the Patriarch
且喜沒交涉。
fortunately has nothing to do
with it.
且道。
But tell me,
畢竟作麼生。
after all what's going on here?
只許老胡知。
"I only allow that the
old barbarian knows;
不許老胡會。
I don't allow that the old
barbarian understands."
Translated by Thomas Cleary
and J. C. Cleary
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